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Gum Disease Treatment

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What is Gum Disease?

Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is an inflammatory condition and infection of the gums and tooth-supporting tissues. If left untreated, it can spread and destroy the bone around tooth roots, ultimately leading to tooth loss. While gum disease is a common oral health problem, it can be prevented and treated.

What Causes Gum Inflammation?

Gum inflammation is caused by bacterial plaque that accumulates between teeth and along the gum line. This plaque forms due to inadequate cleaning of teeth and gums. When left untreated, it hardens into tartar, which leads to more bacterial buildup that triggers the body’s inflammatory response, causing gum inflammation.

Periodontal Disease Has 4 Main Stages

  • Gingivitis
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    This is the initial stage of periodontal disease, characterized by gum inflammation due to bacterial plaque accumulation along the gum line. Symptoms include swollen, red gums that bleed easily during brushing. At this stage, there is no bone loss around tooth roots, and the condition can be completely reversed through proper plaque removal and correct brushing techniques.

  • Early Periodontitis
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    When gingivitis is left untreated, it progresses to destroy periodontal fibers and bone around tooth roots. Periodontal pockets deepen from 1-2mm to 3-4mm. Usually, there’s no pain or tooth mobility yet. Treatment requires scaling and root planing to remove subgingival plaque.

  • Moderate Periodontitis
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    As inflammation progresses, periodontal pockets increase to 5-6mm. Bone loss reaches up to 50%. Patients notice elongated teeth and beginning tooth mobility. Treatment may require flap surgery along with more thorough scaling and root planing.

  • Severe Periodontitis
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    This is the most advanced stage with severe destruction of periodontal tissues and bone, resulting in periodontal pockets deeper than 6mm and bone loss exceeding 50%. Teeth become very loose. Treatment may require artificial bone grafting or bone transplants. In cases of excessive bone destruction, tooth extraction may be necessary.

Signs of Gum Disease

doneSwollen, red, darkened gums or receding gum line
doneBleeding gums while brushing or flossing
doneBlood or pus discharge from gums
doneAbnormal tooth wear, loosening, or shifting due to bone loss
doneBad breath
doneDifficulty chewing due to loose and painful teeth
doneReceding gums exposing tooth roots

Gum Disease Treatment Steps

doneThorough scaling and removal of plaque along the gum line
doneTraining in proper brushing and interdental cleaning techniques
doneDrainage of pus or abscesses may require antibiotics
doneAdjustment of abnormal bite to reduce pressure on gums
doneRegular check-ups and cleanings every 3-6 months to prevent recurrence

What’s the Difference between Gum Disease and Periodontal Disease?

doneGingivitis is the initial stage of gum inflammation caused by plaque buildup along the gum line. It causes swollen, red gums that bleed easily during brushing or flossing. There is no damage to supporting bone or periodontal fibers yet. It can be cured by removing plaque and proper brushing techniques.
donePeriodontal disease is a more severe condition that develops from untreated gingivitis. Beyond gum inflammation, it involves destruction of periodontal fibers and supporting bone, creating periodontal pockets that harbor bacteria. Without treatment, teeth may become loose, shift, and eventually fall out. Treatment requires deep cleaning below the gum line and sometimes periodontal surgery.

Causes of Periodontal Disease

donePlaque and tartar buildup along the gum line due to poor oral hygiene
doneSmoking or tobacco use, which compromises gum immunity
doneReduced saliva production or dry mouth, allowing easier bacterial accumulation
doneCertain medical conditions like diabetes or immunodeficiency that make gum infections harder to control
doneLong-term use of certain medications like immunosuppressants or steroids that weaken gums
doneStress and insufficient rest leading to lowered immune response
doneGenetics, as some people are more susceptible to gum disease than others